طلب مساعدة في ترجمة قطعتين

السلام عليكم
ارجو مساعدتي في ترجمة هاتين القطعتين :

Translate the following passage into Arabic
The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, Roman adapter of Greek comedies, in the second century BCE. The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive and mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. The main ground seems to be the concept of parallel creation found in critics as early as Cicero. Dryden observed that "Translation is a type of drawing after life..." Comparison of the translator with a musician or actor goes back at least to Samuel Johnson's remark about Alexander Pope playing Homer on a flageolet, while Homer himself used a bassoon.[1If translation be an art, it is no easy one. In the 13th century, Roger Bacon wrote that if a translation is to be true, the translator must know both languages, as well as the science that he is to translate; and finding that few translators did, he wanted to do away with translation and translators altogether.


القطعة الثانية :
Dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence are two approaches to translation. Dynamic equivalence (also known as functional equivalence) attempts to convey the thought expressed in a source text (if necessary, at the expense of literalness, original word order, the source text's grammatical voice, etc.), while formal equivalence attempts to render the text word-for-word (if necessary, at the expense of natural expression in the target language). The two approaches represent emphasis, respectively, on readability and on literal fidelity to the source text. There is, however, in reality no sharp boundary between dynamic and formal equivalence. Broadly, the two represent a spectrum of translation approaches.[1]The terms "dynamic equivalence" and "formal equivalence" are associated with the translator Eugene Nida, and were originally coined to describe ways of translating the Bible, but the two approaches are applicable to any translation.

الاخت اماني, هذه محاولتي بالنسبة للقطعة الاولى..لعل بعض الاخوة او الاخوات يتشجعوا و يساهموا هم ايضا في تكملة الترجمة وتنقيح ترجمتي..
DIV
The translator's role as a bridge for "carrying across" values between cultures has been discussed at least since Terence, Roman adapter of Greek comedies, in the second century BCE. The translator's role is, however, by no means a passive and mechanical one, and so has also been compared to that of an artist. The main ground seems to be the concept of parallel creation found in critics as early as Cicero. Dryden observed that "Translation is a type of drawing after life..." Comparison of the translator with a musician or actor goes back at least to Samuel Johnson's remark about Alexander Pope playing Homer on a flageolet, while Homer himself used a bassoon.[1If translation be an art, it is no easy one. In the 13th century, Roger Bacon wrote that if a translation is to be true, the translator must know both languages, as well as the science that he is to translate; and finding that few translators did, he wanted to do away with translation and translators altogether.

دور المترجم, كجسر يتم عبره نقل القيم بين الحضارات, تمت مناقشته منذ عهد الروماني تيرانس الذي ترجم - جير - الكوميديا اليونانية في القرن الثاني قبل الميلاد. على كل حال, دور المترجم هو ليس دور خامل او مسير (الي) باي تصور, بناء عليه وبالاضافة الى ذالك, فان هذا الدور قورن بدور الفنان. الخلفية الاساسية وراء هذا الطرح تبدو انها كانت نظرية "الخلق المتوازي", والتي وجدت عند النقاد منذ عهد ماركوس سيسرو. لاحظ جان درايدن ان "الترجمة هي نوع من الرسم بعد الحياة". المقارنة بين المترجم وبين الموسيقي او الممثل ترجع الى ملاحظات سمويل جونسون حول اداء الايكساندر بوب حين استعمل مزمار في لعب دور هومر, في حين ان هومر نفسه استعمل الناي .. في القرن الثالث عشر, كتب روجر بيكن ; حتى تكون الترجمة صحيحة, يجب على المترجم الالمام, بالاضافة الى اللغتين, بالعلم الذي هو موضوع العمل المترجم, وبما انه (روجر بيكن) وجد القليل من المترجمين (يتقيدون او يتمتعون او يتحلون) بهذه الشروط, فانه رغب في الغاء علم الترجمة ومعه المترجمن

DIV
ماركوس سيسرو: اديب وفيلسوف روماني
جان درايدن : اديب وشاعر انجليزي
DIV

PLEASE KEEP IN MIND THIS IS NOT A FINAL DRAFT..AND IT DOES NEED AUDIT

شكرا لك اخت اميرة العلي
وياريت لو احد يعطينا رايه بالترجمة .. انا حاسه انه ممكن ان تترجم بشكل افضل

ولكن يعطيك العافية على مجهودك :mh78:
وماقصرتي:)