الجزء الثاني من روائع د/ عناني

II. What is 'consecutive' translation?
Simply defined, this kind of translation requires the student to listen carefully (or, alternatively, to read quickly) a given sentence or paragraph then give a translation of its substance. This means two things:
1- The translation is not given simultaneously, that is, not while someone is speaking, but after the sentence or paragraph has been read out (or uttered, in the case of extempore speech). The reader or speaker of the English text (the source text). Is therefore expected to pause after each unit of meaning so that the translator may supply the audience of what has been said.
2- The translator is not expected to give the full text in the translated version but only the essential ideas – the drift or the 'gist' of what has been said. The translated text will be a kind of summary, but it will be fully representative of the original text insofar as it will include all the main ideas.
An example should help the teacher and the student understand what is expected of the translator in such a consecutive translation situation. At a recent conference help in Geneva, at the UN European headquarters, a speaker said the following:
May I suggest that, in the circumstances we find ourselves in at the present time, especially as we are running out of time, the agenda should be reduced to the first item, so that the other items may be discussed at a later time.
The words were, of course, recorder and were later translated in the 'minutes' or the verbatim report of the common abbreviation P.V. from the French 'proces verbal'. A colleague of ours was checking the Arabic version produced by the interpreters for accuracy and, coming across this egregious case of verbosity, suggested that the interpretation version be kept in the P.V. document, but his suggestion was rejected. Now compare the interpretation with the P.V. versions: المترجم الفوري:
أقترح في هذه الظروف ونظرا لضيق الوقت تخفيض جدول الأعمال إلى البند الأول و تأجيل مناقشة الباقي- باقي البنود.
المحضر الحرفي :
هل لي أن اقترح ، في الظروف التي نجد أنفسنا فيها ، في الوقت الحاضر ، وخصوصا ضيق الوقت المتاح لنا ،أن يقتصر جدول الأعمال على البند الأول، بحيث تناقش باقي البنود في وقت لاحق؟
The interpreter has actually given the full meaning of the sentence, even though he has reduced the number of words. His hesitation towards the end is only to be expected: finding more time to improve on what he said, he added the word 'items'. A consecutive translator is expected to do the same if the text is equally short; but he or she may have to deal with a longer text – a paragraph. Takes the following text, again taken from the P.V. of a recent conference:
The chairman suggests, if I understand correctly, that the law be
amended to allow for all anti-dumping measure to be cleared first with the W.T .O. authorities. This is totally unacceptable as it contravenes the principle of sovereignty – I mean national sovereignty – and the right of every state, regardless of size or economic position, to decide for itself what to do in the face of un equal competition by international giants. I find it intolerable that an international body should control the economic policy of any state, even if it were a member thereof. Thank you.
The interpreter did equally well, though the speaker was apparently agitated and spoke quit fast: الفوري المترجم
يقترح الرئيس تعديل القانون ليسمح بأن الجميع/بأن تعرض جميع تدابير مكافحة الإغراق أولا على منظمة التجارة العالمية للموافقة. وهذا غير مقبول بالمرة فهو ضد مبدأ "السيادة الوطنية" وحق كل الدول في تقرير ما تفعله في مواجهة العمالقة المتعددة الجنسيات. أجده أمرا لا يطاق أن الهيئة الدولية تتحكم في السياسة الاقتصادية للبلدان حتى من أعضائها. شكرا.
The last sentence in Arabic may not be elegant but it does give the meaning – essence of what has been said. Now compare this shorter version with the following full translation done in the P.V. report:
يقترح الرئيس_ إذا كنت قد أصبت في إدراك مرماه_ تعديل القانون بحيث يسمح بعرض أي تدبير من تدابير مكافحة الإغراق على سلطات منظمة التجارة العالمية حتى توافق عليه أولا قبل تنفيذه. وهذا مرفوض تماما لأنه يخالف مبدأ السيادة _ أعنى السيادة الوطنية_ وحق كل دولة، بغض النظر عن حجمها أو وضعها الاقتصادي_ في أن تقرر لنفسها ما تراه من التدابير في مواجهة الشركات العملاقة المتعددة الجنسيات، التي تنافسها منافسة غير عادلة. ولا أستطيع أن أقبل أن تتحكم هيئة دولية في السياسات الاقتصادية لأي دولة حتى لو كانت من أعضاء هذه الهيئة.
The consecutive translator has the advantage of 'pen and paper': he or she may jot down the salient points in Arabic (for the native language is much easier to write) while the speaker is talking. From this notes the translator may reconstruct the sentence in his or her own way. He or she has in fact double the time available to the interpreter, so he or she may not be excused for hesitation (بأن جميع/بأن تعرض جميع)or for the awkwardly worded last sentence, or, indeed, for missing out the idea of 'unequal competition' altogether.
A final example of an actual consecutive translation done should clinch the point. It occurred during an Islamic conference held in Mecca, at the first meeting of a specialized committee, of the OIC (Organization of Islamic conference) have insisted on using the transliterated 'fiqh' instead of Islamic Jurisprudence_ the obvious meaning of the term. They have always argued that the Arabic word should be naturalized in English so that it may be used in its Arabic form in other contexts not suggesting jurisprudence (such as canon law or canonical law). They are rightly afraid lest the translation should still carry shades of other religions than Islam. Indeed, as English has accepted the word Ulema for Islamic scholars, it should accept faqih for Islamic jurisprudent. Here is the paragraph in questions, and the speaker was nore other than Zufralleh khan(a famous Pakistani scholar and translator of the Quran):
The Hanafi doctrine is thought to be more liberal than the others, as it gives the Muslim many licences in worship and regular transactions. All scholars agree, with very few exceptions, that it is based on reason, or the rational faculties of man, and that it represents a golden medium_ moderation. It is this, in fact, which made it a target for the purists who are averse to reason, or the use of reason, considering that the mind of man is by definition limited and cannot be trusted to pass judgment on matters pertaining to creed. And the question of impurity has thus been too controversial to settled once and for all, as the case we're discussing shows. Now I would like to show in the ensuing paragraphs that Abu Hanifah never relied on reason alone, that he always relied on a combination of intuition and respect for the Quran and the tradition.
My colleague, who was doing the translation, fidgeted and gestured to the speaker to give him a chance to read out his translation.
Abdullah Faird, Allah rest his soul, produced the following masterpiece:
يرى الناس أن المذهب الحنفي أكثر تحررا من المذاهب الأخرى لأنه يسمح للمسلم برخص كثيرة في العبادات والمعاملات،والجمهور على أنه يقوم على العقل وعلى أنه مذهب وسطى يعتمد على الاعتدال. وهذا في الواقع هو ما جعله هدفا لسهام الأصوليين الذين يكرهون الاستناد إلى العقل ما دام عقل الإنسان قاصرا ولا يمكن الارتكان إليه في الحكم على ما يتصل بالعقيدة. وهكذا أصبحت قضية الطهارة والنجاسة من القضايا الخلافية اتل لم تحسم بصورة نهائية مثل القضية التي نناقشها الآن.ولكنني سأبين فيما يلي أن أبا حنيفة لم يكتف بالعقل وحده في يوم من الأيام بل كان يجمع دائما بين الحدس واحترام القران والحديث.
I have called it a masterpiece because it contains all the ideas in the English texts, though done at speed and under great pressure. The real stroke of genius concerns the translation of 'purists' into الأصوليين and the adding of an Arabic word to confirm the meaning of 'impurity' (which has been done as 'purity and impurity). The common English word currently used in translating the Arabic الأصوليين is 'fundamentalists' which brings in confusion with the Christian fundamentalism of the U.S.A., but the Arabic word is as highly problematic as the English 'purists'. The English word suggests removing the 'impurities' (الشوائب) from the creed, believed to consist in both the 'heresies' (البدع الضالة) and any ideas reached by the reasoning faculties of man, which may be in agreement or disagreement with the principles of true faith as it exists in the heart. As these principles are the tenets of Islam, they may be called الأصول as distinct from their applications which are regarded as ramifications (فروع). Insofar as the purists are eager to preserve the principles (الأصول) intact, untainted by heresies or rational interpretations (اجتهادات عقلية) they may be called "أصوليين". Hence Farid's brilliant rendering. The addition of the Arabic word for الطهارة is also brilliant it gives precision to the meaning of cognate of the same word on which the earlier 'purists' is based! The ability of the translator to use the right Arabic idiom, perfectly pertaining to the subject, and to sum up all the ideas without confusing any meaning, is a prime example of the top – of – the – ladder consecutive translation.
Needless to say, consecutive translation is done primarily at conferences, and more often than not from oral statements. It is used when the interlocutors (participants in a panel discussion) need to keep a record of what is said so as to reply accurately and quickly. In the course of the discussion, short exchanges may be translated instantaneously (through interpretations). A consecutive translator may therefore be also an interpreter, or he may advance to be one. Consecutive translation differs from interpretation, however, in that, as has been noted, the translator has more time and is required to be accurate. Previous knowledge of the subject is essential to both, but is more crucial to the consecutive translator.

aslamualykom Teacher Ameen al_njar

thank you

i'm followin you

if you may tell me more about Pv

اقتباس:

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المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة أمين النجار

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The words were, of course, recorder and were later translated in the 'minutes' or the verbatim report of the common abbreviation P.V. from the French 'proces verbal'. consecutive translator.

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i'd like to suggest if you don't mind

that you put the next part in the same attached

Dear/ Hoda
The answer is in your question

بارك الله بك , شكراً أخي الكريم
[size=7][size=5]السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
أود أ، أسألك يا سيد / أمين كيف للشخص أن يجيد الترجمة الفورية بالتنمية الذاتية حيث لايتوفر الوقت لأخذ دورات
وهل الدورات تجعل الفرد شخصا قادرا على عملية الترجمة الفورية
واذا كانت الدورات لها مردود فما هى الدورات وأماكنها وأسعارها

أخي الكريم سوف تجد بغيتك علي هذا الرابط
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شكرا لك يا أستاذنا الفاضل