عنوان البحث:
The lack of up?to?date dictionaries of Modern Standard Arabic: a major impediment for learners of Arabic as a foreign language
د . سيبستيان ميزول
دكتوراه اللغة العربية والدراسات الإسلامية- معهد الدراسات الشرقية- جامعة ليبزيغ ألمانيا
د . دياب قديد
دكتوراه دولة في اللغة والآداب العربيّة - جامعة منتوري –قسنطينة
د . جان هوجلاند
أستاذ اللغة العربية في جامعة نجمجان
ملخص البحث:
In my presentation I will be talking about Arabic?foreign language dictionaries and foreign language?Arabic dictionaries intended for learners of Arabic.
I will only treat dictionaries of Modern Standard Arabic in this presentation.
Learners of Arabic, like learners of any language, need dictionaries: bilingual dictionaries and later possibly monolingual dictionaries.
For understanding Arabic they need a passive dictionary of MSA, for production they need an active dictionary. Furthermore, a dictionary that contains more than just translations can also serve as a pedagogical tool.
Recently published high standard bilingual dictionaries seem not to exist. As far as I know there are no recently produced dictionaries of Arabic for speakers of English, French, Spanish or German.
Ideally these dictionaries should be especially designed for foreign learners of Arabic, although dictionaries compiled for Arabs could partially cater for these needs. But recent bilingual dictionaries for Arabs seem almost non?existent too.
And neither does a recent monolingual dictionary of MSA exist. If existing, such a work could be used as reference by compilers of bilingual Arabic dictionaries.
However, there is a recently compiled set of dictionaries available for the Dutch and Arabic languages. These are the Nijmegen Arabic dictionaries Dutch-Arabic and Arabic-Dutch. I will present these dictionaries and compare the content with those of existing dictionaries for some of the above mentioned languages.
I will briefly report on how it was compiled, show some numbers concerning the content and present some examples of its content.
The Nijmegen Arabic dictionaries can be described as:
- bidirectional: active and passive in one volume, in order to serve two groups of users: Dutch learners of Arabic and Arab learners of Dutch.
- corpus based: a corpus of Modern Standard Arabic texts was used as reference
- rich in microstructure: it contains tens of thousands of idioms, collocations and example sentences
- rich in macrostructure: some checks have shown the Arabic?Dutch part covers 99.95% of all vocabulary that was encountered while reading a number of texts in MSA.
But as in any language, Arabic also extends its vocabulary permanently, to keep up with new developments in fields like technology, science etc.
This fact underlines the necessity of publishing updates of a dictionary on a regular basis.
The Nijmegen dictionary has only this year been updated. Over 700 entries were added in the Arabic?Dutch part, as well as several thousands of expressions (idioms, collocations, example sentences). The Arabic-Dutch part was expanded with almost 10%.
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